33 AD​

The Coming of the Holy Spirit at Pentecost​

The Church is born in 33AD on the Day of Pentecost as recorded in the book of Acts. The Holy Spirit descends upon the apostles in Jerusalem. This is the start of the visible Church’s public mission through the apostles. 

30s–60s​

The Apostles Preach to the Nations​

The apostles spread the Gospel throughout Jerusalem, Antioch, Alexandria, Rome, Asia Minor, Greece, Persia, India, and beyond. The followers of Christ were first called Christians at Antioch, and the gospels that would be written were delivered through oral tradition. Christianity was an illegal sect and eucharistic gatherings occurred at homes. 

c. 49 ​​

The Council of Jerusalem Convened​​

As recorded in the Book of Acts, Chapter 15. The apostles meet to resolve the question of Gentile converts and the Mosaic Law. This becomes the biblical prototype of conciliar decision-making.

60s–90s​​

Apostolic Martyrdom and Episcopal Succession​​

Peter, Paul, James, and others are martyred. The Church continues through bishops, presbyters, and deacons.

c. 70​

per 015

The Destruction of Jerusalem​

Jerusalem is devastated by Rome. The Christian center of gravity gradually shifts toward Antioch, Alexandria, Rome, and later Constantinople.

100s​

Early Church Fathers​

Ignatius of Antioch, Polycarp, Justin Martyr, Irenaeus, Clement of Alexandria, and others defend apostolic faith, episcopal unity, the Eucharist, and the rule of faith.

c. 150–250​

Growth of Major Sees​

Rome, Alexandria, Antioch, and Jerusalem become major apostolic centers. Alexandria becomes especially important for theology and biblical interpretation.

250s–313​

Decian and Diocletianic Persecution​

Christians are persecuted across the Roman Empire. The Church deals with questions of apostasy, repentance, and restoration.

3rd Century​

Rise of Monastic Impulses​

Before formal desert monasticism, ascetic movements grow in Egypt, Syria, Palestine, and elsewhere.

313

Edict of Milan​

Christianity is legalized under Constantine. The Church moves from persecution into public imperial life.

325​

First Council of Nicaea​

Arianism is condemned. The Son is confessed as homoousios, “of one essence” with the Father.

328–373​

St. Athanasius of Alexandria​

Athanasius becomes the great defender of Nicene Orthodoxy against Arianism.

330

Constantinople Becomes Imperial Capital​

The city later rises in ecclesiastical importance, eventually becoming a major point of tension with older apostolic sees.

381

First Council of Constantinople​

The Nicene Creed is expanded. The divinity of the Holy Spirit is affirmed.

Late 300s​

Desert Monasticism Flourishes​

Anthony the Great, Pachomius, Macarius, and others shape Egyptian monasticism, deeply revered by both EO and OO.

431

Council of Ephesus​

Nestorius is condemned. Mary is confessed as Theotokos, God-bearer. St. Cyril of Alexandria becomes central. Both EO and OO accept Ephesus and strongly revere Cyril.

433

Formula of Reunion​

A reconciliation formula attempts to heal tensions between Alexandrian and Antiochian Christological language.

444

Death of St. Cyril of Alexandria​

After Cyril’s death, debates intensify over how to speak of Christ’s divinity and humanity. Dioscorus takes Alexandrian episcopate. 

449

Second Council of Ephesus​

Accepted historically by Oriental Orthodox as defending Cyrillian Christology, but rejected by Eastern Orthodox and Chalcedonian churches as the “Robber Council.”

451

Council of Chalcedon​

This is the decisive division point. Eastern Orthodox accept Chalcedon as the Fourth Ecumenical Council, confessing Christ as one Person in two natures, divine and human, “without confusion, change, division, or separation.”

Oriental Orthodox reject Chalcedon, not because they deny Christ’s full humanity, but because they believe Chalcedon’s language risks dividing Christ after the union. They prefer St. Cyril’s formula: one incarnate nature of God the Word — mia physis tou Theou Logou sesarkomene.

Post-451

Beginning of the Chalcedonian / non-Chalcedonian Split​

The churches that become Eastern Orthodox remain Chalcedonian. The churches that become Oriental Orthodox include the Coptic, Syriac, Armenian, Ethiopian, Eritrean, and Malankara Orthodox traditions.

July 5, 1994

Amazon is born

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Erat enim res aperta. Ne discipulum abducam, times. Primum quid tu dicis breve? An haec ab eo non dicuntur?

Feb 2, 2020

Amazon Prime debuts

Aliter homines, aliter philosophos loqui putas oportere? Sin aliud quid voles, postea. Mihi enim satis est, ipsis non satis. Negat enim summo bono afferre incrementum diem. Quod ea non occurrentia fingunt, vincunt Aristonem., you can change me anytime click here,

Jan 31, 2021

Amazon acquires Audible

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.

July 5, 1994

Amazon is born

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Erat enim res aperta. Ne discipulum abducam, times. Primum quid tu dicis breve? An haec ab eo non dicuntur?

Feb 2, 2020

Amazon Prime debuts

Aliter homines, aliter philosophos loqui putas oportere? Sin aliud quid voles, postea. Mihi enim satis est, ipsis non satis. Negat enim summo bono afferre incrementum diem. Quod ea non occurrentia fingunt, vincunt Aristonem., you can change me anytime click here,

Jan 31, 2021

Amazon acquires Audible

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.